Dalam bahasa Inggris, Present Perfect Progressive sering menggunakan short forms (contracted forms) terutama dalam bahasa lisan. Bentuk ini dibuat dari auxiliary verb “have” atau “has” + been + verb-ing.
Menggunakan bentuk singkat membuat kalimat terdengar lebih natural dan lebih sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari.
Present Perfect Progressive: Long Forms vs Short Forms
Present Perfect Progressive dibentuk dengan pola berikut:
have / has + been + verb-ing
Contoh:
- I have been working all day.
- She has been studying for the exam.
Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, bentuk ini sering disingkat menjadi:
- I’ve been working.
- She’s been studying.
Affirmative Sentences (Positive)
Pada kalimat positif, auxiliary verb have atau has dapat disingkat menjadi ‘ve atau ‘s.
Table: Long Forms vs Contracted Forms
| Pronoun | Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have been going | I’ve been going |
| You | You have been going | You’ve been going |
| He / She / It | He has been going | He’s been going |
| We | We have been going | We’ve been going |
| They | They have been going | They’ve been going |
Contoh kalimat:
- I have been reading this book.
- I’ve been reading this book.
Negative Sentences
Dalam kalimat negatif, ada dua bentuk singkatan yang umum digunakan.
1️⃣ Contraction with have / has
| Pronoun | Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have not been going | I’ve not been going |
| You | You have not been going | You’ve not been going |
| He / She / It | He has not been going | He’s not been going |
| We | We have not been going | We’ve not been going |
| They | They have not been going | They’ve not been going |
2️⃣ Contraction with not
| Pronoun | Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have not been going | I haven’t been going |
| You | You have not been going | You haven’t been going |
| He / She / It | He has not been going | He hasn’t been going |
| We | We have not been going | We haven’t been going |
| They | They have not been going | They haven’t been going |
Contoh:
- She has not been working today.
- She hasn’t been working today.
Summary
Present Perfect Progressive menggunakan struktur:
have / has + been + verb-ing
Dalam spoken English, bentuk singkat sangat umum digunakan:
- I’ve been studying all morning.
- He’s been waiting for an hour.
- They haven’t been working today.
Menguasai contracted forms akan membantu kamu berbicara bahasa Inggris lebih natural dan lebih seperti penutur asli.