Dalam Present Perfect, kita menggunakan auxiliary verbs “have” atau “has” bersama past participle.
Struktur dasar:
have / has + past participle
Dalam bahasa Inggris sehari-hari, terutama spoken English, sering digunakan short forms (contracted forms).
1. Affirmative Forms (Kalimat Positif)
Dalam kalimat positif, have / has sering disingkat menjadi ‘ve atau ‘s.
| Pronoun | Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have gone | I’ve gone |
| You | You have gone | You’ve gone |
| He | He has gone | He’s gone |
| She | She has gone | She’s gone |
| It | It has gone | It’s gone |
| We | We have gone | We’ve gone |
| They | They have gone | They’ve gone |
Contoh:
I have finished my homework.
I've finished my homework.
She has gone home.
She's gone home.
2. Negative Forms (Kalimat Negatif)
Dalam kalimat negatif terdapat dua jenis kontraksi.
Bentuk 1 (kurang umum)
Auxiliary disingkat:
I've not gone
You've not gone
He's not gone
Bentuk 2 (lebih umum)
have not → haven't
has not → hasn't
| Pronoun | Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have not gone | I haven’t gone |
| You | You have not gone | You haven’t gone |
| He | He has not gone | He hasn’t gone |
| She | She has not gone | She hasn’t gone |
| It | It has not gone | It hasn’t gone |
| We | We have not gone | We haven’t gone |
| They | They have not gone | They haven’t gone |
Contoh:
I have not finished the report.
I haven't finished the report.
She has not seen the film.
She hasn't seen the film.
Catatan Penting
Kontraksi ‘s dapat berarti dua hal:
- has (Present Perfect)
- is (Present Continuous / Simple Present)
Contoh:
She's gone home.
→ She has gone home (Present Perfect)
She's happy.
→ She is happy (Simple Present)
Arti sebenarnya biasanya ditentukan oleh konteks kalimat.
Ringkasan
| Bentuk | Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Long form | subject + have/has + past participle | She has finished the work |
| Contracted affirmative | subject + ‘ve / ‘s + past participle | She’s finished the work |
| Contracted negative | subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle | She hasn’t finished the work |
Contoh penggunaan:
I've already eaten dinner.
She's finished her homework.
They haven't arrived yet.
We've seen that movie before.