Present Perfect digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang terjadi di masa lalu tetapi masih berhubungan dengan masa sekarang.
Struktur dasar:
have / has + past participle
Contoh:
I have finished my homework.
She has visited London.
1. Use of the Present Perfect
1.1 Result of a Past Action in the Present
Digunakan ketika hasil dari tindakan di masa lalu penting sekarang, dan waktu terjadinya tidak disebutkan.
Contoh:
I have cleaned my room.
Artinya: kamar sekarang bersih.
1.2 Recently Completed Actions
Digunakan untuk tindakan yang baru saja selesai.
Biasanya menggunakan kata seperti just atau already.
Contoh:
He has just played handball.
1.3 States Beginning in the Past and Still Continuing
Digunakan untuk keadaan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.
Biasanya menggunakan:
- since → titik waktu
- for → periode waktu
Contoh:
We have lived in Canada since 1986.
1.4 Dengan Recently, Lately, Yet
Present Perfect juga sering digunakan dengan beberapa kata keterangan waktu.
Contoh:
I have been to London recently.
2. Signal Words
Beberapa kata yang sering muncul bersama Present Perfect:
just
yet
never
already
ever
so far
up to now
recently
since
for
Contoh:
She has already finished the report.
Have you ever visited Japan?
3. Form (Bentuk Present Perfect)
Struktur:
subject + have/has + past participle
Past participle:
- regular verbs → verb + ed
- irregular verbs → bentuk kolom ketiga
Contoh:
| Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| clean | cleaned |
| play | played |
| go | gone |
| see | seen |
4. Examples
4.1 Affirmative Sentences – Regular Verbs
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| I have cleaned my room. | I’ve cleaned my room. |
| You have cleaned your room. | You’ve cleaned your room. |
| He has cleaned his room. | He’s cleaned his room. |
4.2 Affirmative Sentences – Irregular Verbs
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| I have gone home. | I’ve gone home. |
| You have gone home. | You’ve gone home. |
| He has gone home. | He’s gone home. |
4.3 Negative Sentences – Regular Verbs
Struktur:
subject + have/has not + past participle
Contoh:
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| I have not cleaned my room. | I haven’t cleaned my room. |
| You have not cleaned your room. | You haven’t cleaned your room. |
| He has not cleaned his room. | He hasn’t cleaned his room. |
4.4 Negative Sentences – Irregular Verbs
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| I have not gone home. | I haven’t gone home. |
| You have not gone home. | You haven’t gone home. |
| He has not gone home. | He hasn’t gone home. |
4.5 Questions – Regular Verbs
Untuk membuat pertanyaan, have / has diletakkan di awal kalimat.
Struktur:
Have/Has + subject + past participle?
Contoh:
Have I cleaned the room?
Have you cleaned the room?
Has he cleaned the room?
Tidak ada bentuk kontraksi untuk pertanyaan.
4.6 Questions – Irregular Verbs
Contoh:
Have I gone home?
Have you gone home?
Has he gone home?
Ringkasan
| Jenis Kalimat | Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | subject + have/has + past participle | She has finished the work |
| Negative | subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle | She hasn’t finished the work |
| Question | Have/Has + subject + past participle | Has she finished the work? |
Contoh penggunaan:
I have visited London.
She has lived here for ten years.
Have you ever seen this movie?