Dalam Present Perfect, beberapa kata kerja khusus seperti be, do, dan have memiliki bentuk past participle yang berbeda.
Struktur dasar Present Perfect adalah:
have / has + past participle
Past participle:
| Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| be | been |
| do | done |
| have | had |
1. Verb be sebagai Main Verb
Past participle dari be adalah been.
Affirmative Sentences
I have been to Britain.
You have been to Britain.
He has been to Britain.
They have been to Britain.
Negative Sentences
I have not been to Britain.
You have not been to Britain.
He has not been to Britain.
They have not been to Britain.
Bentuk singkat:
I haven't been to Britain.
He hasn't been to Britain.
Questions
Have I been to Britain?
Have you been to Britain?
Has he been to Britain?
Have they been to Britain?
2. Verb do sebagai Main Verb
Past participle dari do adalah done.
Affirmative Sentences
I have done an exercise.
You have done an exercise.
He has done an exercise.
They have done an exercise.
Negative Sentences
I have not done an exercise.
He has not done an exercise.
Bentuk singkat:
I haven't done an exercise.
He hasn't done an exercise.
Questions
Have I done an exercise?
Have you done an exercise?
Has he done an exercise?
Have they done an exercise?
3. Verb have sebagai Main Verb
Past participle dari have adalah had.
Karena auxiliary juga have / has, bentuknya terlihat seperti:
have had
Affirmative Sentences
I have had a book.
You have had a book.
He has had a book.
They have had a book.
Negative Sentences
I have not had a book.
He has not had a book.
Bentuk singkat:
I haven't had a book.
He hasn't had a book.
Questions
Have I had a book?
Have you had a book?
Has he had a book?
Have they had a book?
Contracted Forms
Dalam spoken English, sering digunakan bentuk singkat.
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| I have | I’ve |
| you have | you’ve |
| he has | he’s |
| have not | haven’t |
| has not | hasn’t |
Contoh:
I've been to London.
She's done her homework.
They haven't finished the work.
Ringkasan
| Verb | Past Participle | Contoh Present Perfect |
|---|---|---|
| be | been | She has been to London |
| do | done | He has done the task |
| have | had | They have had lunch |
Struktur umum:
subject + have/has + past participle
Contoh:
She has been to Paris.
He has done his homework.
They have had dinner already.