Ramadhan adalah bulan suci bagi umat Muslim di seluruh dunia. Dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris, mengetahui istilah-istilah terkait Ramadhan sangat berguna untuk percakapan sehari-hari, terutama ketika berkomunikasi dengan teman dari berbagai negara. Berikut adalah kumpulan istilah penting yang perlu dikuasai.
Kosakata Utama
Istilah
Part of Speech
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
Ramadan
noun
bulan Ramadhan
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.
fasting
noun/verb
puasa
Fasting is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
fast
verb
berpuasa
Muslims fast from dawn until sunset.
dawn
noun
fajar, subuh
We begin fasting at dawn.
sunset
noun
matahari terbenam, maghrib
We break our fast at sunset.
suhoor
noun
sahur
I wake up early for suhoor.
iftar
noun
buka puasa
The family gathers for iftar.
mosque
noun
masjid
We go to the mosque for prayers.
prayer
noun
sholat, doa
Taraweeh is a special night prayer.
charity
noun
sedekah
Giving charity is important in Ramadhan.
Istilah tentang Waktu dan Kegiatan
Istilah
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
dawn
fajar, waktu subuh
The fast begins at dawn.
sunrise
matahari terbit
We stop eating before sunrise.
sunset
matahari terbenam (maghrib)
We break our fast at sunset.
suhoor / sahur
makan sahur
Eating suhoor gives us energy for the day.
iftar
buka puasa
We invite neighbours for iftar.
night prayer
sholat malam
Many Muslims perform night prayers.
taraweeh
sholat tarawih
Taraweeh prayers are held at the mosque.
last ten nights
sepuluh malam terakhir
The last ten nights are very special.
Istilah tentang Ibadah dan Amalan
Istilah
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
fasting
puasa
Fasting teaches us patience.
Quran
Al-Quran
We recite the Quran during Ramadhan.
recitation
pembacaan
Quran recitation is encouraged.
prayer
sholat, doa
Prayer strengthens our faith.
supplication
doa
We make supplication at iftar time.
charity
sedekah
Charity increases in Ramadhan.
zakat
zakat
Zakat is obligatory for eligible Muslims.
zakat al-fitr
zakat fitrah
We pay zakat al-fitr before Eid.
good deeds
amal baik
We try to do more good deeds.
repentance
tobat
Ramadhan is a time for repentance.
Istilah tentang Hari Raya
Istilah
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
Eid al-Fitr
Idul Fitri
Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadhan.
Eid prayer
sholat Id
We perform Eid prayer in the morning.
celebration
perayaan
Eid is a time of celebration.
new clothes
baju baru
Many people wear new clothes on Eid.
forgiveness
maaf
We ask for forgiveness from family and friends.
family gathering
berkumpul keluarga
Family gatherings are common during Eid.
feast
jamuan makan
A special feast is prepared for Eid.
Istilah tentang Keadaan dan Perasaan
Istilah
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
hungry
lapar
It is normal to feel hungry while fasting.
thirsty
haus
We do not drink water during fasting hours.
blessed
diberkahi
Ramadhan is a blessed month.
spiritual
rohani
Ramadhan is a spiritual journey.
patience
kesabaran
Fasting teaches us patience.
gratitude
rasa syukur
We feel gratitude for our blessings.
devotion
pengabdian
Devotion to God increases in Ramadhan.
self-discipline
disiplin diri
Fasting builds self-discipline.
Istilah tentang Pengecualian Puasa
Istilah
Arti
Contoh Kalimat
exemption
pengecualian
Some people have exemption from fasting.
illness
sakit
People with illness may not fast.
travel
bepergian
Travelers are exempt from fasting.
pregnant
hamil
Pregnant women are exempt from fasting.
breastfeeding
menyusui
Breastfeeding mothers may postpone fasting.
menstruation
haid
Women during menstruation do not fast.
make up
mengganti
They must make up the missed fasts later.
Ekspresi dan Frasa Penting
Frasa
Arti
Contoh
break the fast
berbuka puasa
It is time to break the fast.
observe fasting
menjalankan puasa
Muslims observe fasting during Ramadhan.
keep the fast
menjaga puasa
We try to keep the fast properly.
make dua
berdoa
Let’s make dua together.
give charity
bersedekah
We should give charity regularly.
perform taraweeh
menjalankan tarawih
We perform taraweeh at the mosque.
recite Quran
membaca Al-Quran
I recite Quran every night.
welcome Ramadhan
menyambut Ramadhan
We welcome Ramadhan with joy.
Ucapan-ucapan saat Ramadhan
Ucapan
Arti
Penggunaan
Ramadhan Mubarak
Selamat Ramadhan
Ucapan menyambut bulan Ramadhan
Ramadhan Kareem
Semoga Ramadhanmu penuh kemuliaan
Ucapan alternatif menyambut Ramadhan
Happy Ramadhan
Selamat Ramadhan
Ucapan informal
Eid Mubarak
Selamat Hari Raya Idul Fitri
Ucapan saat Hari Raya
Happy Eid
Selamat Hari Raya
Ucapan informal saat Hari Raya
Minal aidin wal faizin
Mohon maaf lahir dan batin
Ucapan tradisional saat Hari Raya
Penggunaan dalam Percakapan
Menyatakan Sedang Berpuasa
Konteks
Contoh Kalimat
Menyatakan puasa
I am fasting today.
Menjelaskan waktu puasa
I fast from dawn to sunset.
Menjelaskan sahur
I wake up early for suhoor.
Menjelaskan buka puasa
I break my fast at sunset.
Menolak makanan
No thank you, I am fasting.
Menjelaskan Tentang Ramadhan
Konteks
Contoh Kalimat
Tentang bulan
Ramadhan is the ninth month of Islamic calendar.
Tentang puasa
Muslims fast for 29 or 30 days.
Tentang tujuan
Fasting teaches patience and gratitude.
Tentang buka puasa
We break our fast with dates and water.
Tentang tarawih
We pray taraweeh at night during Ramadhan.
Mengundang untuk Buka Puasa
Konteks
Contoh Kalimat
Mengundang
Would you like to join us for iftar?
Menawarkan makanan
Please come for iftar at our house.
Menjelaskan menu
We are serving traditional food for iftar.
Menjawab undangan
Thank you for inviting me to iftar.
Kesalahan Umum
Salah
Benar
Penjelasan
I am fasting from morning to night.
I am fasting from dawn to sunset.
Lebih tepat menggunakan “dawn” dan “sunset”.
We break fast at maghrib.
We break our fast at sunset.
“Maghrib” adalah istilah Arab, dalam bahasa Inggris gunakan “sunset”.
I eat sahur.
I eat suhoor / I have suhoor.
“Suhoor” atau “sahur” lebih dikenal, “have suhoor” lebih natural.
Happy fasting!
Have a blessed fast.
“Have a blessed fast” lebih sopan dan bermakna.
Latihan Singkat
A. Pilih kata yang tepat:
We begin fasting at _ (dawn / sunset).
We break our fast at _ (dawn / sunset).
The meal before fasting is called _ (iftar / suhoor).
The meal to break the fast is called _ (iftar / suhoor).
_ is a special night prayer in Ramadhan. (Taraweeh / Eid)
B. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris:
Ramadhan adalah bulan suci bagi umat Muslim.
Kami berpuasa dari fajar hingga matahari terbenam.
Saya bangun pagi untuk sahur.
Kami berbuka puasa dengan kurma dan air.
Idul Fitri menandai berakhirnya bulan Ramadhan.
Kunci Jawaban:
A. Pilih kata yang tepat:
dawn
sunset
suhoor
iftar
Taraweeh
B. Terjemahan:
Ramadhan is a holy month for Muslims.
We fast from dawn to sunset.
I wake up early for suhoor.
We break our fast with dates and water.
Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadhan.
Tips Penggunaan
Fasting vs Fast: “Fasting” adalah kata benda atau verb-ing (puasa/berpuasa), sedangkan “fast” bisa sebagai verb (berpuasa) atau adjective (cepat). Contoh: “Fasting is important” (puasa itu penting), “I fast during Ramadhan” (saya berpuasa saat Ramadhan).
Suhoor vs Iftar: “Suhoor” adalah makan sebelum puasa (sahur), “Iftar” adalah makan untuk berbuka puasa.
Dawn vs Sunrise: “Dawn” adalah fajar (waktu subuh, sebelum matahari terbit), “sunrise” adalah saat matahari terbit. Puasa dimulai dari “dawn”, bukan “sunrise”.
Sunset vs Dusk: “Sunset” adalah saat matahari terbenam (waktu maghrib), “dusk” adalah senja setelah matahari terbenam. Waktu berbuka adalah “sunset”.
Ucapan yang tepat: “Ramadhan Mubarak” atau “Ramadhan Kareem” adalah ucapan standar menyambut Ramadhan. “Eid Mubarak” digunakan saat Idul Fitri.