Untuk membentuk Present Progressive, kita menambahkan -ing pada bentuk dasar kata kerja.
Struktur dasar:
subject + am / is / are + verb + ing
Contoh:
She is reading a book.
They are playing football.
Namun, ada beberapa aturan ejaan khusus saat menambahkan -ing.
1. Consonant After a Short, Stressed Vowel
Jika kata kerja berakhir dengan konsonan setelah vokal pendek yang ditekan, konsonan terakhir digandakan.
Contoh:
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| sit | he is sitting |
| put | he is putting |
| run | he is running |
Jika vokal tidak ditekan, konsonan tidak digandakan.
Contoh:
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| benefit | benefiting |
Catatan:
Dalam British English, huruf l sering digandakan.
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| travel | travelling |
2. Verbs Ending in -e
Jika kata kerja berakhir dengan -e, huruf e dihilangkan sebelum menambahkan -ing.
Contoh:
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| write | writing |
| take | taking |
| make | making |
Pengecualian: jika -ee, cukup tambahkan -ing.
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| see | seeing |
| agree | agreeing |
3. Verbs Ending in -ie
Jika kata kerja berakhir dengan -ie, ubah menjadi -y lalu tambahkan -ing.
Contoh:
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| lie | lying |
| die | dying |
| tie | tying |
4. Verbs Ending in -c
Jika kata kerja berakhir dengan -c, tambahkan -k sebelum -ing.
Contoh:
| Verb | Present Progressive |
|---|---|
| picnic | picnicking |
| panic | panicking |
Ringkasan Aturan
| Ending Verb | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| short vowel + consonant | double consonant | run → running |
| -e | drop e | write → writing |
| -ie | change to y | lie → lying |
| -c | add k before ing | picnic → picnicking |
Contoh kalimat:
She is writing a letter.
They are running in the park.
He is lying on the sofa.
We are picnicking by the lake.