Dalam Present Perfect Progressive, kata kerja utama selalu menggunakan bentuk verb + -ing. Oleh karena itu, kita perlu mengetahui aturan penambahan -ing pada infinitive.
Tense ini menggunakan struktur:
have / has + been + verb-ing
Contoh:
- I have been working all day.
- She has been studying for two hours.
Adding -ing in the Present Perfect Progressive
Aturan penambahan -ing pada kata kerja dalam Present Perfect Progressive sama dengan aturan pada Present Progressive.
Artinya, jika kamu sudah memahami cara menambahkan -ing pada Present Continuous, aturan yang sama juga berlaku di sini.
Common Rules for Adding -ing
1. Most verbs: add -ing
Untuk sebagian besar kata kerja, cukup tambahkan -ing.
Contoh:
| Infinitive | Verb + ing |
|---|---|
| work | working |
| play | playing |
| read | reading |
Contoh kalimat:
- She has been reading a book.
2. Verbs ending in -e
Jika kata kerja berakhiran -e, huruf e dihapus sebelum menambahkan -ing.
| Infinitive | Verb + ing |
|---|---|
| make | making |
| write | writing |
| come | coming |
Contoh:
- He has been writing emails all morning.
3. One syllable verbs ending consonant–vowel–consonant
Jika kata kerja memiliki pola consonant–vowel–consonant, huruf terakhir biasanya digandakan.
| Infinitive | Verb + ing |
|---|---|
| run | running |
| sit | sitting |
| stop | stopping |
Contoh:
- They have been running for an hour.
Summary
Dalam Present Perfect Progressive, kata kerja utama selalu berbentuk:
verb + ing
Contoh:
- I have been studying English.
- She has been working since morning.
- They have been waiting for the bus.
Aturan penambahan -ing sama dengan yang digunakan dalam Present Progressive.