1. Use of the Present Perfect Progressive
Kapan kita menggunakan Present Perfect Progressive?
Present Perfect Progressive digunakan untuk menjelaskan aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang, atau aksi yang baru saja selesai tetapi masih berhubungan dengan sekarang. Fokus utama tense ini biasanya pada proses atau aktivitasnya.
1.1 actions beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action)
Digunakan untuk aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Biasanya menggunakan:
- since → titik waktu
- for → durasi waktu
Example:
I have been waiting for you for three hours.
(Saya sudah menunggu selama tiga jam.)
Fokus kalimat ini adalah proses menunggunya, bukan hasilnya.
1.2 recently completed actions (focus is on the action)
Digunakan untuk aksi yang baru saja selesai, tetapi efeknya masih terasa sekarang. Fokus tetap pada aktivitasnya.
Example:
She has been watching too many videos.
(Dia terlalu banyak menonton video.)
2. Signal words
Beberapa kata yang sering digunakan dengan Present Perfect Progressive antara lain:
- all day
- the whole day
- since
- for
- pertanyaan dengan how long
Example:
How long have you been studying English?
3. Form
Rumus Present Perfect Progressive adalah:
have / has + been + verb-ing
Contoh:
She has been studying all day.
They have been working since morning.
4. Examples
4.1 Affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect Progressive
| Long form | Contracted form |
|---|---|
| I have been playing handball. | I’ve been playing handball. |
| You have been playing handball. | You’ve been playing handball. |
| He has been playing handball. | He’s been playing handball. |
4.2 Negative sentences in the Present Perfect Progressive
| Long form | Contracted form |
|---|---|
| I have not been playing handball. | I’ve not been playing handball / I haven’t been playing handball. |
| You have not been playing handball. | You’ve not been playing handball / You haven’t been playing handball. |
| He has not been playing handball. | He’s not been playing handball / He hasn’t been playing handball. |
4.3 Questions in the Present Perfect Progressive
Untuk membuat pertanyaan, have / has diletakkan di awal kalimat.
Example:
Have I been playing handball?
Have you been playing handball?
Has he been playing handball?