Dalam bahasa Inggris, “have” dan “have got” sering digunakan untuk menyatakan kepemilikan atau hubungan. Keduanya memiliki makna yang sama, tetapi penggunaannya berbeda tergantung variasi bahasa Inggris yang digunakan. Dalam British English, “have got” sangat umum digunakan, sedangkan dalam American English dan variasi lain, “have” sebagai kata kerja utama lebih sering dipakai. Artikel ini akan membahas perbedaan penggunaan keduanya dalam berbagai bentuk kalimat.
Kalimat Positif
Baik “have” maupun “have got” dapat digunakan dalam kalimat positif untuk menyatakan kepemilikan atau hubungan. “Have got” sering digunakan dalam bentuk singkat (contraction) bahkan dalam bahasa tulis.
| Subjek | Have | Have Got | Bentuk Singkat |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I have a brother. | I have got a brother. | I’ve got a brother. |
| You | You have a sister. | You have got a sister. | You’ve got a sister. |
| He | He has a cat. | He has got a cat. | He’s got a cat. |
| She | She has a dog. | She has got a dog. | She’s got a dog. |
| It | It has Bluetooth. | It has got Bluetooth. | It’s got Bluetooth. |
| We | We have books. | We have got books. | We’ve got books. |
| They | They have pets. | They have got pets. | They’ve got pets. |
Keterangan: Perhatikan bahwa “he’s got”, “she’s got”, dan “it’s got” menggunakan apostrophe-s yang merupakan singkatan dari “has”, bukan “is”.
Kalimat Negatif
Dalam kalimat negatif, pola yang digunakan berbeda antara “have” dan “have got”.
Menggunakan “Have”
Gunakan auxiliary “do/does” untuk membuat kalimat negatif.
| Subjek | Bentuk Negatif |
|---|---|
| I | I do not have a brother. / I don’t have a brother. |
| You | You do not have a sister. / You don’t have a sister. |
| He | He does not have a cat. / He doesn’t have a cat. |
| She | She does not have a dog. / She doesn’t have a dog. |
| It | It does not have Bluetooth. / It doesn’t have Bluetooth. |
| We | We do not have books. / We don’t have books. |
| They | They do not have pets. / They don’t have pets. |
Menggunakan “Have Got”
Tambahkan “not” setelah “have/has”.
| Subjek | Bentuk Negatif | Bentuk Singkat |
|---|---|---|
| I | I have not got a brother. | I haven’t got a brother. |
| You | You have not got a sister. | You haven’t got a sister. |
| He | He has not got a cat. | He hasn’t got a cat. |
| She | She has not got a dog. | She hasn’t got a dog. |
| It | It has not got Bluetooth. | It hasn’t got Bluetooth. |
| We | We have not got books. | We haven’t got books. |
| They | They have not got pets. | They haven’t got pets. |
Kalimat Pertanyaan
Pola pertanyaan juga berbeda antara “have” dan “have got”.
Menggunakan “Have”
Gunakan “Do/Does” di awal kalimat.
| Subjek | Pertanyaan |
|---|---|
| I | Do I have time? |
| You | Do you have pets? |
| He | Does he have a computer? |
| She | Does she have a mobile phone? |
| It | Does it have mudguards? |
| We | Do we have ketchup? |
| They | Do they have nice teachers? |
Menggunakan “Have Got”
Letakkan “Have/Has” di awal kalimat.
| Subjek | Pertanyaan |
|---|---|
| I | Have I got time? |
| You | Have you got pets? |
| He | Has he got a computer? |
| She | Has she got a mobile phone? |
| It | Has it got mudguards? |
| We | Have we got ketchup? |
| They | Have they got nice teachers? |
Pertanyaan Negatif
| Have | Have Got |
|---|---|
| Don’t you have a brother? | Haven’t you got a brother? |
| Doesn’t he have a car? | Hasn’t he got a car? |
Peringatan Penting
1. Bentuk Singkat Hanya untuk “Have Got”
Bentuk singkat “‘ve” dan “‘s” hanya dapat digunakan dengan “have got”, bukan dengan “have” saja.
| Benar | Salah |
|---|---|
| I’ve got a new mobile phone. | I’ve a new mobile phone. |
| He’s got a new car. | He’s a new car. |
2. Tidak Menggunakan Auxiliary dengan “Have Got”
Jangan gunakan “do/does” dengan “have got”. Auxiliary hanya digunakan dengan “have” saja.
| Benar | Salah |
|---|---|
| Have you got a garden? | Do you have got a garden? |
| Do you have a pet? | Have you a pet? |
| They haven’t got a brother. | They haven’t a brother. |
3. “Have Got” Hanya untuk Kepemilikan dan Hubungan
“Have got” hanya dapat menggantikan “have” ketika membicarakan kepemilikan dan hubungan. Untuk makna lain seperti pengalaman atau tindakan, gunakan “have” saja.
| Benar | Salah |
|---|---|
| I have a brother. / I’ve got a brother. | – |
| I had an accident. | I had got an accident. |
| We had lunch. | We had got lunch. |
Penjelasan: Ketika “have” berarti mengalami sesuatu (have an accident) atau melakukan tindakan (have lunch), tidak bisa diganti dengan “have got”.
Perbedaan British dan American English
| British English | American English |
|---|---|
| Have you got a car? | Do you have a car? |
| I’ve got a problem. | I have a problem. |
Dalam American English informal, “have” sering dihilangkan sehingga “We’ve got a problem” menjadi “We got a problem”.
Tabel Ringkasan
| Bentuk Kalimat | Have | Have Got |
|---|---|---|
| Positif | I have a car. | I have got a car. / I’ve got a car. |
| Negatif | I don’t have a car. | I haven’t got a car. |
| Pertanyaan | Do you have a car? | Have you got a car? |
| Auxiliary | Menggunakan do/does | Tidak menggunakan auxiliary |
Kapan Menggunakan Yang Mana?
| Situasi | Pilihan yang Tepat |
|---|---|
| Kepemilikan (British English) | have got |
| Kepemilikan (American English) | have |
| Tindakan (have breakfast, have a bath) | have (bukan have got) |
| Pengalaman (have an accident) | have (bukan have got) |
| Bahasa tulis formal | have |
| Bahasa lisan informal | have got |
Latihan Singkat
Pilih have atau have got dan lengkapi kalimat:
- She _ a new laptop. (possession)
- _ you _ a minute? (asking for time)
- He doesn’t _ a car. (negative)
- They _ got two children. (possession)
- We _ breakfast at 7 AM. (action)
- I’ve _ a headache. (experience)
- _ she _ a brother? (question)
- The car _ got air conditioning. (possession)
Kunci Jawaban:
- has / has got
- Do you have / Have you got
- have
- have
- have (bukan have got)
- got (I’ve got = I have got)
- Does she have / Has she got
- has
Tips Penggunaan
Untuk kepemilikan: Keduanya bisa digunakan, pilih sesuai varian bahasa Inggris yang Anda gunakan.
Untuk tindakan atau pengalaman: Gunakan “have” saja, bukan “have got”.
Dalam bahasa tulis formal: Lebih aman menggunakan “have” dengan auxiliary “do/does”.
Dalam percakapan informal: “Have got” sangat umum digunakan dalam British English.
Perhatikan bentuk singkat: “‘ve got” dan “‘s got” adalah bentuk yang sangat umum dalam bahasa lisan.