Dalam Past Perfect, kata kerja khusus seperti be, do, dan have juga mengikuti pola dasar:
had + past participle
Past participle dari ketiga verb ini adalah:
| Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| be | been |
| do | done |
| have | had |
1. Verb be sebagai Main Verb
Past participle dari be adalah been.
Kalimat Positif
They had been to Britain.
Artinya: mereka pernah berada di Inggris sebelum suatu waktu di masa lalu.
Kalimat Negatif
They had not been to Britain.
Bentuk singkat:
They hadn't been to Britain.
Pertanyaan
Had they been to Britain?
2. Verb do sebagai Main Verb
Past participle dari do adalah done.
Kalimat Positif
She had done an exercise.
Kalimat Negatif
She had not done an exercise.
Bentuk singkat:
She hadn't done an exercise.
Pertanyaan
Had she done an exercise?
3. Verb have sebagai Main Verb
Past participle dari have adalah had.
Karena auxiliary juga had, maka bentuknya terlihat seperti:
had had
Contoh:
Kalimat Positif
He had had a book.
Artinya: dia sudah memiliki sebuah buku sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
Kalimat Negatif
He had not had a book.
Bentuk singkat:
He hadn't had a book.
Pertanyaan
Had he had a book?
Contracted Forms (Bentuk Singkat)
Dalam Past Perfect, kita sering menggunakan bentuk singkat dari had.
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| I had | I’d |
| you had | you’d |
| he had | he’d |
| had not | hadn’t |
Contoh:
I'd finished the work.
She'd been to Paris.
They hadn't done the task.
Ringkasan
Dalam Past Perfect, semua subject menggunakan had.
| Verb | Past Perfect Example |
|---|---|
| be | They had been to London. |
| do | She had done the exercise. |
| have | He had had a book. |
Struktur umum:
subject + had + past participle
Contoh:
She had been there before.
He had done his homework.
They had had lunch before the meeting.