Kata kerja tidak beraturan atau irregular verbs adalah kata kerja yang bentuk past tense dan past participle-nya tidak mengikuti aturan penambahan -ed. Dalam bahasa Inggris, irregular verbs sangat penting untuk dikuasai karena banyak digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Berikut adalah daftar lengkap irregular verbs yang disusun dalam bentuk tabel untuk memudahkan pembelajaran.
Tabel Irregular Verbs
| Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle | Arti |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been | menjadi |
| bear | bore | borne/born | melahirkan, menanggung |
| beat | beat | beaten | memukul |
| become | became | become | menjadi |
| begin | began | begun | mulai |
| bend | bent | bent | membungkuk |
| bet | bet | bet | bertaruh |
| bid | bid/bade | bid/bidden | menawar, memerintah |
| bind | bound | bound | mengikat |
| bite | bit | bitten | menggigit |
| bleed | bled | bled | berdarah |
| blow | blew | blown | meniup |
| break | broke | broken | memecahkan |
| breed | bred | bred | berkembang biak |
| bring | brought | brought | membawa |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | menyiarkan |
| build | built | built | membangun |
| burn | burnt | burnt | membakar |
| burst | burst | burst | meletus |
| buy | bought | bought | membeli |
| catch | caught | caught | menangkap |
| choose | chose | chosen | memilih |
| cling | clung | clung | melekat |
| come | came | come | datang |
| cost | cost | cost | berbiaya |
| creep | crept | crept | merayap |
| cut | cut | cut | memotong |
| deal | dealt | dealt | berurusan |
| dig | dug | dug | menggali |
| dive | dived/dove | dived | menyelam |
| do | did | done | melakukan |
| draw | drew | drawn | menggambar |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | bermimpi |
| drink | drank | drunk | minum |
| drive | drove | driven | mengemudi |
| eat | ate | eaten | makan |
| fall | fell | fallen | jatuh |
| feed | fed | fed | memberi makan |
| feel | felt | felt | merasa |
| fight | fought | fought | berkelahi |
| find | found | found | menemukan |
| flee | fled | fled | melarikan diri |
| fling | flung | flung | melempar |
| fly | flew | flown | terbang |
| forbid | forbad/forbade | forbidden | melarang |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | lupa |
| freeze | froze | frozen | membeku |
| get | got | got/gotten | mendapatkan |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| grow | grew | grown | tumbuh |
| hang | hung | hung | menggantung |
| have | had | had | memiliki |
| hear | heard | heard | mendengar |
| hide | hid | hidden | bersembunyi |
| hit | hit | hit | memukul |
| hold | held | held | memegang |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | melukai |
| keep | kept | kept | menyimpan |
| know | knew | known | tahu |
| lay | laid | laid | meletakkan |
| lead | led | led | memimpin |
| learn | learnt | learnt | belajar |
| leave | left | left | meninggalkan |
| lend | lent | lent | meminjamkan |
| let | let | let | membiarkan |
| lie | lay | lain | berbaring |
| light | lit | lit | menyalakan |
| lose | lost | lost | kehilangan |
| make | made | made | membuat |
| mean | meant | meant | bermaksud |
| meet | met | met | bertemu |
| pay | paid | paid | membayar |
| put | put | put | meletakkan |
| read | read | read | membaca |
| ride | rode | ridden | naik |
| ring | rang | rung | berbunyi |
| rise | rose | risen | bangkit |
| run | ran | run | berlari |
| say | said | said | mengatakan |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| seek | sought | sought | mencari |
| sell | sold | sold | menjual |
| send | sent | sent | mengirim |
| shake | shook | shaken | mengguncang |
| shine | shone | shone | bersinar |
| shoot | shot | shot | menembak |
| shut | shut | shut | menutup |
| sing | sang | sung | menyanyi |
| sink | sank | sunk | tenggelam |
| sit | sat | sat | duduk |
| sleep | slept | slept | tidur |
| slide | slid | slid | meluncur |
| speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
| spend | spent | spent | menghabiskan |
| stand | stood | stood | berdiri |
| steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
| stick | stuck | stuck | menempel |
| sting | stung | stung | menyengat |
| strike | struck | struck | memukul |
| swear | swore | sworn | bersumpah |
| sweep | swept | swept | menyapu |
| swim | swam | swum | berenang |
| swing | swung | swung | ayunan |
| take | took | taken | mengambil |
| teach | taught | taught | mengajar |
| tear | tore | torn | merobek |
| tell | told | told | menceritakan |
| think | thought | thought | berpikir |
| throw | threw | thrown | melempar |
| understand | understood | understood | mengerti |
| wake | woke | woken | bangun |
| wear | wore | worn | memakai |
| weep | wept | wept | menangis |
| win | won | won | menang |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |
Catatan Penting
Bentuk alternatif: Beberapa kata kerja dapat menggunakan bentuk regular (-ed) sebagai alternatif. Tren dalam bahasa Inggris modern, terutama American English, adalah menstandardisasi kata kerja tidak beraturan. Bentuk-bentuk minor mungkin akan menghilang dalam beberapa generasi ke depan.
Kata kerja yang sering menggunakan bentuk regular (-ed):
| Infinitive | Bentuk Regular |
|---|---|
| dwell | dwelled |
| lean | leaned |
| smell | smelled |
| spell | spelled |
| spill | spilled |
| spoil | spoiled |
Perbedaan British dan American English:
Kata kerja berikut menggunakan bentuk regular (-ed) dalam American English:
| Infinitive | British English | American English |
|---|---|---|
| burn | burnt | burned |
| dream | dreamt | dreamed |
| learn | learnt | learned |
| saw | sawed | sawed |
Catatan Tambahan
Modal verbs: Kata-kata can, may, dan must adalah modal verbs dan tidak termasuk dalam kategori irregular verbs biasa.
Kata “lie”: Kata kerja lie yang berarti “tidak berkata jujur” adalah regular verb (lie – lied – lied), berbeda dengan lie yang berarti “berbaring” (lie – lay – lain).
Tips Menghafal Irregular Verbs
- Kelompokkan berdasarkan pola: Banyak irregular verbs memiliki pola yang sama. Misalnya: sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung, swim-swam-swum.
- Hafal 10 kata per hari: Jangan menghafal sekaligus, tapi pelajari sedikit demi sedikit secara konsisten.
- Gunakan dalam kalimat: Buat contoh kalimat dengan setiap kata kerja untuk memperkuat ingatan.
- Latihan rutin: Kerjakan latihan soal irregular verbs secara berkala untuk menjaga memory.