Short / Contracted Forms and Long Forms in the Past Perfect

Dalam Past Perfect, kita menggunakan auxiliary verb “had” bersama past participle.

Struktur dasar:

had + past participle

Dalam bahasa Inggris sehari-hari (terutama spoken English), kita sering menggunakan short forms / contracted forms.

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1. Affirmative Forms (Kalimat Positif)

Dalam bentuk positif, had sering disingkat menjadi ‘d.

Pronoun	Long Form	Contracted Form
I	I had gone	I’d gone
You	You had gone	You’d gone
He	He had gone	He’d gone
She	She had gone	She’d gone
It	It had gone	It’d gone
We	We had gone	We’d gone
They	They had gone	They’d gone

Contoh:

I had finished my work.
I'd finished my work.

She had gone home.
She'd gone home.

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2. Negative Forms (Kalimat Negatif)

Dalam kalimat negatif, ada dua bentuk kontraksi yang umum digunakan.

Bentuk 1

Auxiliary disingkat:

I'd not gone
You'd not gone

Bentuk 2 (lebih umum)

had not → hadn't

Pronoun	Long Form	Contracted Form
I	I had not gone	I hadn’t gone
You	You had not gone	You hadn’t gone
He	He had not gone	He hadn’t gone
She	She had not gone	She hadn’t gone
It	It had not gone	It hadn’t gone
We	We had not gone	We hadn’t gone
They	They had not gone	They hadn’t gone

Contoh:

I had not finished the report.
I hadn't finished the report.

They had not seen the movie.
They hadn't seen the movie.

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Catatan Penting

Kontraksi ‘d bisa berarti dua hal:

• had (Past Perfect)
• would (Conditional)

Contoh:

I'd finished the work.

→ bisa berarti I had finished

atau

I'd go if I had time.

→ berarti I would go

Biasanya konteks kalimat akan menunjukkan arti yang benar.

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Ringkasan

Bentuk	Struktur	Contoh
Long form	subject + had + past participle	She had finished the work
Contracted affirmative	subject + ‘d + past participle	She’d finished the work
Contracted negative	subject + hadn’t + past participle	She hadn’t finished the work

Contoh penggunaan:

I'd already eaten when he arrived.
She hadn't seen the film before.
They'd left before we came.