Past Perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang terjadi sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
Struktur dasar:
had + past participle
Contoh:
She had finished her homework before dinner.
Cara Membentuk Past Perfect
Past Perfect dibentuk dengan:
- had (auxiliary verb)
- past participle dari kata kerja utama
Hal penting:
➡ had digunakan untuk semua subject
(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
Past Participle
Past participle terbentuk dari:
| Jenis Verb | Cara Membentuk |
|---|---|
| Regular verbs | infinitive + ed |
| Irregular verbs | bentuk kolom ke-3 |
Contoh:
| Base Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| play | played |
| clean | cleaned |
| go | gone |
| see | seen |
1. Affirmative Sentences – Regular Verbs
Struktur:
subject + had + verb-ed
Contoh:
I had played with a ball.
You had played with a ball.
He had played with a ball.
She had played with a ball.
It had played with a ball.
We had played with a ball.
They had played with a ball.
2. Affirmative Sentences – Irregular Verbs
Struktur:
subject + had + past participle
Contoh:
I had gone home.
You had gone home.
He had gone home.
She had gone home.
It had gone home.
We had gone home.
They had gone home.
3. Negative Sentences – Regular Verbs
Struktur:
subject + had not + past participle
Contoh:
I had not played with a ball.
You had not played with a ball.
He had not played with a ball.
She had not played with a ball.
It had not played with a ball.
We had not played with a ball.
They had not played with a ball.
Bentuk singkat yang sering digunakan:
had not → hadn't
Contoh:
She hadn't played with a ball.
4. Negative Sentences – Irregular Verbs
Contoh:
I had not gone home.
You had not gone home.
He had not gone home.
She had not gone home.
It had not gone home.
We had not gone home.
They had not gone home.
Contoh singkat:
He hadn't gone home.
5. Questions – Regular Verbs
Untuk membuat pertanyaan, had diletakkan di awal kalimat.
Struktur:
Had + subject + past participle?
Contoh:
Had I played with a ball?
Had you played with a ball?
Had he played with a ball?
Had she played with a ball?
Had it played with a ball?
Had we played with a ball?
Had they played with a ball?
6. Questions – Irregular Verbs
Contoh:
Had I gone home?
Had you gone home?
Had he gone home?
Had she gone home?
Had it gone home?
Had we gone home?
Had they gone home?
Ringkasan Struktur Past Perfect
| Jenis Kalimat | Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | subject + had + past participle | She had finished the work. |
| Negative | subject + had not + past participle | She had not finished the work. |
| Question | Had + subject + past participle | Had she finished the work? |
Contoh penggunaan:
They had left before we arrived.
She had finished her homework.
Had you seen the movie before?