Present Perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang terjadi di masa lalu tetapi masih berhubungan dengan masa sekarang.
Struktur dasar:
have / has + past participle
Aturan penggunaan have / has:
| Subject | Auxiliary |
|---|---|
| I, you, we, they | have |
| he, she, it | has |
Past participle:
- regular verbs → infinitive + -ed
- irregular verbs → bentuk kolom ke-3 pada tabel irregular verbs
Contoh:
| Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| open | opened |
| play | played |
| go | gone |
| see | seen |
1. Affirmative Sentences – Regular Verbs
Struktur:
subject + have/has + verb-ed
Contoh:
I have opened the door.
You have opened the door.
He has opened the door.
She has opened the door.
It has opened the door.
We have opened the door.
They have opened the door.
Catatan:
➡ has digunakan untuk he, she, it
2. Affirmative Sentences – Irregular Verbs
Struktur tetap sama, tetapi menggunakan past participle irregular verb.
Contoh:
I have gone home.
You have gone home.
He has gone home.
She has gone home.
It has gone home.
We have gone home.
They have gone home.
3. Negative Sentences – Regular Verbs
Struktur:
subject + have/has not + past participle
Contoh:
I have not opened the door.
You have not opened the door.
He has not opened the door.
She has not opened the door.
It has not opened the door.
We have not opened the door.
They have not opened the door.
Bentuk singkat:
have not → haven't
has not → hasn't
Contoh:
She hasn't opened the door.
4. Negative Sentences – Irregular Verbs
Contoh:
I have not gone home.
You have not gone home.
He has not gone home.
She has not gone home.
It has not gone home.
We have not gone home.
They have not gone home.
Contoh singkat:
They haven't gone home.
5. Questions – Regular Verbs
Untuk membuat pertanyaan, have / has diletakkan di awal kalimat.
Struktur:
Have/Has + subject + past participle?
Contoh:
Have I opened the door?
Have you opened the door?
Has he opened the door?
Has she opened the door?
Has it opened the door?
Have we opened the door?
Have they opened the door?
Tidak ada bentuk kontraksi dalam pertanyaan.
6. Questions – Irregular Verbs
Contoh:
Have I gone home?
Have you gone home?
Has he gone home?
Has she gone home?
Has it gone home?
Have we gone home?
Have they gone home?
Ringkasan Present Perfect
| Jenis Kalimat | Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | subject + have/has + past participle | She has finished the work |
| Negative | subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle | She hasn’t finished the work |
| Question | Have/Has + subject + past participle | Has she finished the work? |
Contoh penggunaan:
I have finished my homework.
She has gone home.
Have you seen this movie?