Beberapa kata kerja yang paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris adalah irregular verbs. Artinya, bentuk past tense-nya tidak mengikuti pola biasa seperti menambahkan -ed. Karena itu, bentuknya harus dihafal.
Di bawah ini adalah cara penggunaan beberapa kata kerja khusus dalam Simple Past: be, do, dan have.
1. Verb Be sebagai Main Verb
Dalam Simple Past, kata kerja be memiliki dua bentuk:
- was → untuk I, he, she, it
- were → untuk we, you, they
Bentuk Kalimat
| Pronoun | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | I was in Rome. | I was not in Rome. | Was I in Rome? |
| We / You / They | They were in Rome. | They were not in Rome. | Were they in Rome? |
Contoh
I was tired yesterday.
She was at home last night.
They were in Rome last year.
Bentuk Negatif
I was not in Rome.
They were not in Rome.
Bentuk singkat yang sering dipakai:
- was not → wasn’t
- were not → weren’t
Contoh:
She wasn't at school yesterday.
We weren't ready.
2. Verb Do sebagai Main Verb
Ketika do digunakan sebagai kata kerja utama, bentuk past-nya adalah did.
Bentuk Kalimat
| Pronoun | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It / We / You / They | I did exercises. | I did not do exercises. | Did I do exercises? |
Perhatikan:
- Kalimat negatif menggunakan did not + verb dasar
- Kalimat tanya menggunakan did + verb dasar
Contoh
Kalimat positif:
I did my homework.
She did the exercises.
They did the work yesterday.
Kalimat negatif:
I did not do the exercises.
She didn't do the homework.
Kalimat pertanyaan:
Did you do your homework?
Did she do the exercises?
3. Verb Have sebagai Main Verb
Bentuk past dari have adalah had.
Namun untuk kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan, tetap menggunakan did sebagai auxiliary.
Bentuk Kalimat
| Pronoun | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It / We / You / They | I had a book. | I did not have a book. | Did I have a book? |
Contoh
Kalimat positif:
I had a book.
She had a new car.
They had two dogs.
Kalimat negatif:
I did not have a book.
She didn't have a car.
Kalimat pertanyaan:
Did you have a book?
Did they have a car?
4. Contracted Forms (Bentuk Singkat)
Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, bentuk singkat sering digunakan.
| Long Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
| was not | wasn’t |
| were not | weren’t |
| did not | didn’t |
Contoh:
I didn't go to school yesterday.
She wasn't at home.
They weren't ready.
Ringkasan
Beberapa kata kerja penting dalam Simple Past:
| Verb | Past Form | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | She was tired. |
| do | did | I did my homework. |
| have | had | They had a car. |
Aturan penting:
- be tidak memakai did untuk negatif atau pertanyaan
- do dan have menggunakan did untuk negatif dan pertanyaan
- bentuk past irregular harus dihafal