Dalam bahasa Inggris, auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu) memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk berbagai struktur kalimat. Kata kerja ini digunakan untuk membantu kata kerja utama (main verb) membentuk:
- kalimat tanya
- kalimat negatif
- bentuk tense yang kompleks
- passive voice
Empat auxiliary verb utama dalam bahasa Inggris adalah:
- be
- have
- do
- will
Auxiliary verb biasanya muncul bersama kata kerja utama.
Pengertian Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan bersama main verb untuk membentuk struktur grammar tertentu.
Contoh:
He is playing football.
Dalam kalimat ini:
- is → auxiliary verb
- playing → main verb
Auxiliary verb membantu membentuk present progressive tense.
Auxiliary Verb “Be”
Kata kerja be dapat berfungsi sebagai:
- auxiliary verb
- full verb
Bentuk dasar verb “be”
| Tense | Bentuk |
|---|---|
| Present | am / is / are |
| Past | was / were |
| Past participle | been |
“Be” sebagai Auxiliary Verb
Sebagai auxiliary verb, be digunakan dalam:
- progressive tense
- passive voice
Progressive Tense
Present progressive
He is playing football.
Past progressive
He was playing football.
Present perfect progressive
He has been playing football.
Past perfect progressive
He had been playing football.
Passive Voice
Simple present / simple past
The house is built.
The house was built.
Present perfect
The house has been built.
Future
The house will be built.
“Be” sebagai Full Verb
Jika be tidak diikuti verb lain, maka berfungsi sebagai main verb.
Contoh:
Kalimat positif
They are fifteen years old.
Kalimat negatif
They are not fifteen years old.
Kalimat tanya
Are they fifteen years old?
Auxiliary Verb “Have”
Kata kerja have juga dapat berfungsi sebagai:
- auxiliary verb
- full verb
“Have” sebagai Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary have digunakan untuk membentuk perfect tense.
Present perfect
He has played football.
Past perfect
He had played football.
Present perfect progressive
He has been playing football.
Passive perfect
The house has been built.
Bentuk Verb “Have”
| Tense | Bentuk |
|---|---|
| Present | have / has |
| Past | had |
| Past participle | had |
“Have” sebagai Full Verb
Sebagai full verb, have biasanya menunjukkan kepemilikan.
I have a car.
Dalam British English sering digunakan:
I have got a car.
“Have” dalam Kalimat Negatif dan Tanya
Jika have adalah full verb, gunakan auxiliary do.
Negatif
I do not have a car.
Pertanyaan
Do I have a car?
Jika menggunakan have got, auxiliary tambahan tidak diperlukan.
I have not got a car.
Have I got a car?
Auxiliary Verb “Will”
Kata kerja will hanya berfungsi sebagai auxiliary verb dan digunakan untuk membentuk future tense.
Future Simple
He will play football.
Negatif
He will not play football.
Bentuk singkat
He won't play football.
Future Perfect
He will have played football.
Catatan tentang “Will”
Bentuk will tidak berubah untuk semua subject.
I will
She will
They will
Auxiliary Verb “Do”
Kata kerja do dapat berfungsi sebagai:
- auxiliary verb
- full verb
“Do” sebagai Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary do digunakan untuk membuat kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan dalam:
- simple present
- simple past
Kalimat Negatif
Simple present
He does not play football.
Simple past
He did not play football.
Kalimat Tanya
Simple present
Does he play football?
Simple past
Did he play football?
Bentuk Verb “Do”
| Tense | Bentuk |
|---|---|
| Present | do / does |
| Past | did |
“Do” sebagai Full Verb
Sebagai full verb, do sering muncul dalam ekspresi seperti:
- do homework
- do the dishes
- do the work
Contoh:
She does her homework every day.
Negatif
She doesn't do her homework every day.
Pertanyaan
Does she do her homework every day?
Situasi di Mana Auxiliary “Do” Tidak Digunakan
Jika verb utamanya adalah “be”
I am not angry.
Are you okay?
Jika sudah ada auxiliary lain
They are not sleeping.
Have you heard that?
Jika menggunakan modal verb
Contoh:
- can
- may
- must
- should
Can you help me?
We must not wait.
Jika pertanyaan menanyakan subject
Who sings that song?